Sun - Wikipedia. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma. Its diameter is about 1. Earth, and its mass is about 3. Earth, accounting for about 9. Supporto: Autore: Titolo: Etichetta: Pubblicazione: Descrizione: Prezzo: Genere: Codice: LP: Leroi Brothers: Rhythm And Booze: New Rose Records ROSE 239: France 1990: M-\M- 10' Arts & Entertainment. Moshe Safdie: Hero of Habitat; Architects and Buildings; Dance. Karen Kain, Prima Ballerina; Dancers; Film. Bright Lights, Political Fights: The. Welcome to Kijiji, Canada's most popular free, local classifieds site. To see classifieds ads or post your own free ad, click an area. Solar System. It formed approximately 4. Most of this matter gathered in the center, whereas the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System. The central mass became so hot and dense that it eventually initiated nuclear fusion in its core. It is thought that almost all stars form by this process. The Sun is roughly middle- aged: it has not changed dramatically for more than four billion. After hydrogen fusion in its core has stopped, the Sun will undergo severe changes and become a red giant. It is calculated that the Sun will become sufficiently large to engulf the current orbits of Mercury, Venus, and possibly Earth. The enormous effect of the Sun on Earth has been recognized since prehistoric times, and the Sun has been regarded by some cultures as a deity. The synodic rotation of Earth and its orbit around the Sun are the basis of the solar calendar, which is the predominant calendar in use today. Name and etymology. The English proper name Sun developed from Old Englishsunne and may be related to south. You know what it is good for? Stories of unfathomable badassery, that's what. Over the years, we at Cracked have gathered a formidable collection of these stories, and we've put the very best of them here so that a whole. The Government's Act of Altering Media. Human life and the internet are inseparable; humans live in a society that has cylindrical co-dependence on the internet. Hit the beach in style! The Solar Cooler keeps it cool all day long Mother Nature Network is the world's leading source for environmental news, advice on sustainable living, conservation and social responsibility. How Many Grams Of Carbs Per Day For Diabetic Treatment Diabetes & Alternative Diabetes Treatment Cognates to English sun appear in other Germanic languages, including Old Frisiansunne, sonne, Old Saxonsunna, Middle Dutchsonne, modern Dutchzon, Old High Germansunna, modern German Sonne, Old Norsesunna, and Gothicsunn. All Germanic terms for the Sun stem from Proto- Germanic *sunn. In the New Empire period, the Sun became identified with the dung beetle, whose spherical ball of dung was identified with the Sun. In the form of the Sun disc Aten, the Sun had a brief resurgence during the Amarna Period when it again became the preeminent, if not only, divinity for the Pharaoh. Akhenaton. It was adopted as the Sabbath day by Christians who did not have a Jewish background. The symbol of light was a pagan device adopted by Christians, and perhaps the most important one that did not come from Jewish traditions. In paganism, the Sun was a source of life, giving warmth and illumination to mankind. It was the center of a popular cult among Romans, who would stand at dawn to catch the first rays of sunshine as they prayed. The celebration of the winter solstice (which influenced Christmas) was part of the Roman cult of the unconquered Sun (Sol Invictus). Christian churches were built with an orientation so that the congregation faced toward the sunrise in the East. The Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4. Milky Way, most of which are red dwarfs. Bon Jovi, Scooter Braun Honored; Bruce Springsteen, Adele, Coldplay & Justin Bieber Big Winners at Billboard Touring Awards; Inside One Hollywood Power Couple's Bittersweet Election Night: 'If We Don't Learn From History, We. Diabetes Research 1989 Feb 10 2 69 73 Treatment Diabetes & Alternative Diabetes Treatment The heavy elements could most plausibly have been produced by endothermic nuclear reactions during a supernova, or by transmutation through neutron absorption within a massive second- generation star. The mean distance of the Sun's center to Earth's center is approximately 1 astronomical unit (about 1. Earth moves from perihelion in January to aphelion in July. The energy of this sunlight supports almost all life. This differential rotation is caused by convective motion due to heat transport and the Coriolis force due to the Sun's rotation. In a frame of reference defined by the stars, the rotational period is approximately 2. Viewed from Earth as it orbits the Sun, the apparent rotational period of the Sun at its equator is about 2. The solar constant is equal to approximately 7. When measuring all the photons emitted, the Sun is actually emitting more photons in the green portion of the spectrum than any other. Despite its typical whiteness, most people mentally picture the Sun as yellow; the reasons for this are the subject of debate. The hydrogen and helium in the Sun were produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and the heavier elements were produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in generations of stars that completed their stellar evolution and returned their material to the interstellar medium before the formation of the Sun. Therefore, in today's photosphere the helium fraction is reduced, and the metallicity is only 8. The protostellar Sun's composition is believed to have been 7. Because heat is transferred from the Sun's core by radiation rather than by convection (see Radiative zone below), none of the fusion products from the core have risen to the photosphere. This development will continue and will eventually cause the Sun to leave the main sequence, to become a red giant. These meteorites are thought to retain the composition of the protostellar Sun and are thus not affected by settling of heavy elements. The two methods generally agree well. Recent analysis of SOHO mission data favors a faster rotation rate in the core than in the radiative zone above. The remainder of the Sun is heated by this energy as it is transferred outwards through many successive layers, finally to the solar photosphere where it escapes into space as sunlight or the kinetic energy of particles. Theoretical models of the Sun's interior indicate a power density of approximately 2. W/m. 3. The temperature drops from approximately 7 million to 2 million kelvins with increasing distance from the core. This is a region where the sharp regime change between the uniform rotation of the radiative zone and the differential rotation of the convection zone results in a large shear between the two. Presently, it is hypothesized (see Solar dynamo) that a magnetic dynamo within this layer generates the Sun's magnetic field. In this layer, the temperature is lower than in the radiative zone and heavier atoms are not fully ionized. As a result, radiative heat transport is less effective and convection moves the Sun's energy outward through this layer. The density of the plasma is low enough to allow convective currents to develop. Material heated at the tachocline picks up heat and expands, thereby reducing its density and allowing it to rise. As a result, an orderly motion of the mass develops into thermal cells that carry the majority of the heat outward to the Sun's photosphere above. Once the material diffusively and radiatively cools just beneath the photospheric surface, its density increases, and it sinks to the base of the convection zone, where it again picks up heat from the top of the radiative zone and the convective cycle continues. At the photosphere, the temperature has dropped to 5,7. K and the density to only 0. Turbulent convection in this outer part of the solar interior sustains . The change in opacity is due to the decreasing amount of H. Because the upper part of the photosphere is cooler than the lower part, an image of the Sun appears brighter in the center than on the edge or limb of the solar disk, in a phenomenon known as limb darkening. The photosphere has a particle density of ~1. The photosphere is not fully ionized. In 1. 86. 8, Norman Lockyer hypothesized that these absorption lines were caused by a new element that he dubbed helium, after the Greek Sun god Helios. Twenty- five years later, helium was isolated on Earth. It is composed of four distinct parts: the chromosphere, the transition region, the corona and the heliosphere. The coolest layer of the Sun is a temperature minimum region extending to about 7. Rather, it forms a kind of nimbus around chromospheric features such as spicules and filaments, and is in constant, chaotic motion. The low corona, near the surface of the Sun, has a particle density around 1. A flow of plasma outward from the Sun into interplanetary space is the solar wind. This outermost layer of the Sun is defined to begin at the distance where the flow of the solar wind becomes superalfv. Turbulence and dynamic forces in the heliosphere cannot affect the shape of the solar corona within, because the information can only travel at the speed of Alfv. The solar wind travels outward continuously through the heliosphere. In December 2. 00. Voyager 1 probe passed through a shock front that is thought to be part of the heliopause. Re- emission happens in a random direction and usually at a slightly lower energy. With this sequence of emissions and absorptions, it takes a long time for radiation to reach the Sun's surface. Estimates of the photon travel time range between 1. Because energy transport in the Sun is a process that involves photons in thermodynamic equilibrium with matter, the time scale of energy transport in the Sun is longer, on the order of 3. This is the time it would take the Sun to return to a stable state, if the rate of energy generation in its core were suddenly changed. For many years measurements of the number of neutrinos produced in the Sun were lower than theories predicted by a factor of 3. This discrepancy was resolved in 2. Sun emits the number of neutrinos predicted by the theory, but neutrino detectors were missing . The quasi- periodic 1. As a result, sunspots are slightly cooler than the surrounding photosphere, and, so, they appear dark. At a typical solar minimum, few sunspots are visible, and occasionally none can be seen at all. Those that do appear are at high solar latitudes. As the solar cycle progresses towards its maximum, sunspots tend form closer to the solar equator, a phenomenon known as Sp. The largest sunspots can be tens of thousands of kilometers across. At solar- cycle maximum, the external poloidal dipolar magnetic field is near its dynamo- cycle minimum strength, but an internal toroidal quadrupolar field, generated through differential rotation within the tachocline, is near its maximum strength. At this point in the dynamo cycle, buoyant upwelling within the convective zone forces emergence of toroidal magnetic field through the photosphere, giving rise to pairs of sunspots, roughly aligned east. The magnetic polarity of sunspot pairs alternates every solar cycle, a phenomenon known as the Hale cycle. At solar- cycle minimum, the toroidal field is, correspondingly, at minimum strength, sunspots are relatively rare, and the poloidal field is at its maximum strength. With the rise of the next 1. The 9. 4 Most Badass Soldiers Who Ever Lived. The Unnamed Catawba Indian Warrior. In the early 1. 70. Catawba Indian tribe of South Carolina and the Seneca Indians of New York decided that they hated each other, and they weren't going to let the four states' worth of distance between them keep them from killing each other. Let's hear it for dedication! Innumerable battles were fought between Catawba and Seneca war parties in North Carolina and Virginia. One of these battles gave rise to a warrior who might have been one of the biggest badasses in the history of warfare (but only because John Rambo isn't a real person). This unnamed Catawba warrior was hunting alone with his rifle somewhere in Virginia or North Carolina (like it matters) when he was ambushed by a Seneca war party. He immediately took off running, but would turn back every now and then just to take in the scenery and such. Oh, and to shoot people. He shot and killed seven Senecas before they managed to surround and capture him. Catawba Indians in 1. The Senecas stripped him naked (we're sensing a theme here), tied him up and force- marched him back to New York. They paraded him through each Seneca town, allowing the townspeople to run out and whip him as he passed. For some reason, they must have thought he was tired after being marched butt- naked for something like 5. And he was tired - - tired of not being a badass! When he did pop up on the far bank, the Senecas had broken out rifles and were shooting at him, almost certainly having decided that the burning alive idea would fail with that much water now involved. Did our warrior run away? According to the historian who recorded this story, . What normal people would do in this situation is . In their defense, they probably didn't expect one naked man running for his life to turn around and come back at them, but that's exactly what he did. He sneaked into the middle of their camp, picked up one of their tomahawks and killed all five of them in their sleep. And then he set off running again. The next day, another party of Senecas came to the camp and was shocked to find their comrades cut up into little pieces. They held a council and decided that in order to do what he'd done, the escaping warrior must be a wizard. Since he was a wizard, they obviously couldn't catch him if they tried. So they decided to stop trying and go home, and no, we're not making the wizard part up. He also talked in a thick English accent and didn't take kindly to the uppity elves of Florida. The warrior made it back home to South Carolina after running nonstop for several days. Oh, and before he went back home, he went back to the spot where he was first captured, dug up the bodies of the seven Senecas he had killed when he was caught and scalped them, too, because attention to detail is essential during times of battle. The Seneca, on the other hand, were so totally freaked out by all of this that they abandoned the town he had escaped from and moved right the fuck out.! We just thought that town was totally stupid! Dude's totally a wizard and not to be fucked with. The Soldier Who Faced Death With a . After a standoff with Chile at the Battle of Topater, an injured and outnumbered Abaroa was asked to surrender. According to the Bolivians' story, he was out of ammo and nearly dead, but still refused to give up the fight. Your grandmother should surrender, you bastard! Even in Spanish, it means exactly what you think. Abaroa was surrounded and facing certain death, and with his last words he screamed.
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